View source for Psychological Methods: Wiki

=Planning your study=

==Literature search==
The following [[Media:Literature_search.pdf|lecture]] gives an overview: (1) on the differences between search engines (e.g., Google Scholar) vs. databases (e.g., PsychINFO, PubMed); (2) on the choice of search terms: their selection, combination (boolean), and further operators (e.g., wildcards) to help with the search; (3) a comparison of systematic reviews vs. meta-analyses (with a focus on aims and procedure; (4) on the use of Google Scholar, Oria, Web of Science, and PubMed (incl. some practical hints); and (5) on different reference management software packages: Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote (see [[Reference_management|here]] for a more detailed overview).

==Experimental design==
The following [[Media:ExperimentalDesign.pdf|lecture]] gives an introduction into experiments as a method to explore cause-effect-relationships, different types of validity related to the experiments and what might be threats to these types of validity. The first part explores the concept of causation, how cause-effect-relationships can be explored using experimental methods, and what the conditions for generalizing the cause-effect-relationship (explored in the experiment). The second part concentrates on the validity types related to the experiment: internal and statistical conclusion validity. The third part focusses on validity types related to the generalizability of the findings from an experiment: external and construct validity.

=Preparing and conducting your study=
==Experiments==
[[e-prime]]<br>
[[Media:PsychoPy.pdf|PsychoPy]]<br>
[[Web experiments]]<br>

==Questionnaires==
[https://it.uib.no/Sp%C3%B8rreunders%C3%B8kelser_-_verkt%C3%B8y_for_utvikling,_utsending_og_analyse SurveyXact] (web questionnaire; licensed for UiB)<br>
[https://www.esurveyspro.com/ eSurvey Pro] (web questionnaire)<br>
[https://www.limesurvey.org/ LimeSurvey] (web questionnaire)<br>
[https://pavlovia.org/ Pavlovia] (a web interface to run experiments created in PsychoPy)<br>
[https://www.helsebiblioteket.no/ Helsebibliotek] (health-related, free questionnaires)<br>

==Communicating with you participants==
TBA

==Conducting your research in accordance with legal requirements==
The following [[Media:Ethics_and_data_protection.pdf|lecture]] describes some practical considerations regarding research ethics and data protection. It includes some overview about ethical principles, how and from whom to obtain informed consent, an overview about data protection regulations for research data, a discussion which studies have to be approved by the regional research ethics committee (REK) or the Norwegian Data Protection Agency for Research Data (NSD) and what documents to include in such applications.

=Analyzing your data=
==Organizing and storing your data==
TBA<br>

==Evaluation methods==
===Extracting data===
This [[Media:Shell-Programming.pdf|presentation]] provides an overview how shell scripts can be used to extract data from log files. The commands in the presentation can be tested using these [[Media:Materials.zip|example data]].

===Quantitative data analyses===
When choosing your evaluation method a key criterion is whether you variables (predictor/independent and outcome/dependent) are categorical or continuous. Most analysis methods are parametric statistics (i.e., they rely on the assumption that the data are drawn from a distribution, e.g., a standard normal distribution) and based upon the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_linear_model General linear model].<br>
[[Correlation and regression analysis]] can be used to explore the relationship between continuous predictor and continuous outcome variables.<br>
[[t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)]] can be used to explore the relationship between categorical predictor and continuous outcome variables. It is (in an ANCOVA) also possible to include continuous predictor variables, however the main focus in those analyses is typically on the categorical predictors as those represent the experimentally manipulated variables (e.g., treatment vs. control group).<br><br>
I also run another Wiki (in Norwegian) on [https://wiki.uib.no/jamovi jamovi] a statistics package that is based upon R and quite similar in functionality to SPSS.<br>

===Qualitative or mixed-method analyses===
TBA

==Literature review and meta-analysis==
An overview on literature search is given at the [[#Literature search|top of this page]].

===Types of literature reviews===
TBA

===Meta-analysis===
TBA

=Summarizing and publishing your study=
==Obeying the standards of the APA publication manual==
A series of lectures dealt with how to obey the standards of the APA publication manual:
The [[Media:APA-Introduction_-_Session_1.pdf|first lecture]] explores the questions: Why publishing? Why a rule system? before turning to the structure of a manuscript, proper language use and some mechanics of style (i.e., the use of period (.), comma, abreviations, parentheses, etc.).
The [[Media:APA-Introduction_-_Session_2.pdf|second lecture]] shows how to display results in figures and tables and provides some practical hints to help with writing manuscripts.
The [[Media:APA-Introduction_-_Session_3.pdf|third lecture]] demonstrates why, when and how to use references.
The [[Media:APA-Introduction_-_Session_4.pdf|fourth lecture]] gives practical hints for writing manuscripts and term papers, gives and overview how the publication process works and discusses ethical issues with publication (authorship, consent, plagiarism).<br>
Please note that there is also an [https://www.unit.no/tjenester/norsk-apa-referansestil official recommendation / standard] on how to use the APA-style in Norwegian.
<br>

==Presenting your results==
This [File:Presentation technique.pdf|lecture] deals with how to present, covering topics such as the structure of a presentation and the use of graphics as well as personal factors such as dealing with nervousness.

==Software==
[[Open source|What is open source software, why should you use it and what software packages are available for standard tasks (office suites, working with graphics, doing statistics)]]<br>
[[Reference management]]<br>
[[LaTeX]]<br>
[[Tips and tricks|Tips and tricks for standard programmes]]<br>