Difference between revisions of "Psychological Methods: Wiki"

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==Literature search==
 
==Literature search==
 
The following [[Media:Literature_search.pdf|lecture]] gives an overview: (1) on the differences between search engines (e.g., Google Scholar) vs. databases (e.g., PsychINFO, PubMed); (2) on the choice of search terms: their selection, combination (boolean), and further operators (e.g., wildcards) to help with the search; (3) a comparison of systematic reviews vs. meta-analyses (with a focus on aims and procedure; (4) on the use of Google Scholar, Oria, Web of Science, and PubMed (incl. some practical hints); and (5) on different reference management software packages: Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote (see [[Reference_management|here]] for a more detailed overview).<br>
 
The following [[Media:Literature_search.pdf|lecture]] gives an overview: (1) on the differences between search engines (e.g., Google Scholar) vs. databases (e.g., PsychINFO, PubMed); (2) on the choice of search terms: their selection, combination (boolean), and further operators (e.g., wildcards) to help with the search; (3) a comparison of systematic reviews vs. meta-analyses (with a focus on aims and procedure; (4) on the use of Google Scholar, Oria, Web of Science, and PubMed (incl. some practical hints); and (5) on different reference management software packages: Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote (see [[Reference_management|here]] for a more detailed overview).<br>
There is also a fantastic introduction on [https://training.cochrane.org/interactivelearning cochrane.org]. Cochrane is an organization that summarizes scientific evidence and publishes them as literature reviews / meta-analyses aiming to enhance your healthcare knowledge and decision making.<br>
+
There is also a fantastic introduction on [https://training.cochrane.org/interactivelearning cochrane.org]. Cochrane is an organization that summarizes scientific evidence and publishes them as literature reviews / meta-analyses aiming to enhance healthcare knowledge and clinical decision making.<br>
 
On the [http://www.prisma-statement.org PRISMA-web page] will you find a [http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20checklist.doc checklist], a [http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20flow%20diagram.doc template for a flow diagram], and their [http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 guidelines]. These materials should help and guide you when creating systematic reviews or a meta-analyses with high quality.
 
On the [http://www.prisma-statement.org PRISMA-web page] will you find a [http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20checklist.doc checklist], a [http://www.prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20flow%20diagram.doc template for a flow diagram], and their [http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 guidelines]. These materials should help and guide you when creating systematic reviews or a meta-analyses with high quality.
  

Revision as of 10:10, 3 October 2019

Planning your study

Literature search

The following lecture gives an overview: (1) on the differences between search engines (e.g., Google Scholar) vs. databases (e.g., PsychINFO, PubMed); (2) on the choice of search terms: their selection, combination (boolean), and further operators (e.g., wildcards) to help with the search; (3) a comparison of systematic reviews vs. meta-analyses (with a focus on aims and procedure; (4) on the use of Google Scholar, Oria, Web of Science, and PubMed (incl. some practical hints); and (5) on different reference management software packages: Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote (see here for a more detailed overview).
There is also a fantastic introduction on cochrane.org. Cochrane is an organization that summarizes scientific evidence and publishes them as literature reviews / meta-analyses aiming to enhance healthcare knowledge and clinical decision making.
On the PRISMA-web page will you find a checklist, a template for a flow diagram, and their guidelines. These materials should help and guide you when creating systematic reviews or a meta-analyses with high quality.

Experimental design

The following lecture gives an introduction into experiments as a method to explore cause-effect-relationships, different types of validity related to the experiments and what might be threats to these types of validity. The first part explores the concept of causation, how cause-effect-relationships can be explored using experimental methods, and what the conditions for generalizing the cause-effect-relationship (explored in the experiment). The second part concentrates on the validity types related to the experiment: internal and statistical conclusion validity. The third part focusses on validity types related to the generalizability of the findings from an experiment: external and construct validity.

Preparing and conducting your study

Experiments

e-prime
PsychoPy
Web experiments

Questionnaires

SurveyXact (web questionnaire; licensed for UiB)
eSurvey Pro (web questionnaire)
LimeSurvey (web questionnaire)
Pavlovia (a web interface to run experiments created in PsychoPy)
Helsebibliotek (health-related, free questionnaires)

Communicating with you participants

TBA

Conducting your research in accordance with legal requirements

The following lecture describes some practical considerations regarding research ethics and data protection. It includes some overview about ethical principles, how and from whom to obtain informed consent, an overview about data protection regulations for research data, a discussion which studies have to be approved by the regional research ethics committee (REK) or the Norwegian Data Protection Agency for Research Data (NSD) and what documents to include in such applications.

Analyzing your data

Organizing and storing your data

TBA

Evaluation methods

Extracting data

This presentation provides an overview how shell scripts can be used to extract data from log files. The commands in the presentation can be tested using these example data.

Quantitative data analyses

When choosing your evaluation method a key criterion is whether you variables (predictor/independent and outcome/dependent) are categorical or continuous. Most analysis methods are parametric statistics (i.e., they rely on the assumption that the data are drawn from a distribution, e.g., a standard normal distribution) and based upon the General linear model.
Correlation and regression analysis can be used to explore the relationship between continuous predictor and continuous outcome variables.
t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) can be used to explore the relationship between categorical predictor and continuous outcome variables. It is (in an ANCOVA) also possible to include continuous predictor variables, however the main focus in those analyses is typically on the categorical predictors as those represent the experimentally manipulated variables (e.g., treatment vs. control group).

I also run another Wiki (in Norwegian) on jamovi a statistics package that is based upon R and quite similar in functionality to SPSS.

Qualitative or mixed-method analyses

TBA

Literature review and meta-analysis

An overview on literature search is given at the top of this page.

Types of literature reviews

TBA

Meta-analysis

TBA

Summarizing and publishing your study

Obeying the standards of the APA publication manual

A series of lectures dealt with how to obey the standards of the APA publication manual: The first lecture explores the questions: Why publishing? Why a rule system? before turning to the structure of a manuscript, proper language use and some mechanics of style (i.e., the use of period (.), comma, abreviations, parentheses, etc.). The second lecture shows how to display results in figures and tables and provides some practical hints to help with writing manuscripts. The third lecture demonstrates why, when and how to use references. The fourth lecture gives practical hints for writing manuscripts and term papers, gives and overview how the publication process works and discusses ethical issues with publication (authorship, consent, plagiarism).
Please note that there is also an official recommendation / standard on how to use the APA-style in Norwegian.

Presenting your results

This lecture deals with how to present, covering topics such as the structure of a presentation and the use of graphics as well as personal factors such as dealing with nervousness.

Software

What is open source software, why should you use it and what software packages are available for standard tasks (office suites, working with graphics, doing statistics)
Reference management
LaTeX
Tips and tricks for standard programmes